Kobrin forestry was organized in 1946 on the basis of state-owned and private forests of Poland, which became part of Western Belarus in 1939. It originally consisted of 6 forest districts. In September 1954, in connection with the abolition of the Pinsk region and the Drogichinsky forestry, the Drogichinsky, Brashevichsky and Belinkovsky forestry became part of the Kobrin forestry. At the end of 1960, as a result of the unbundling of the Beloozersky forestry, the Povityevsky Forestry was additionally formed. Thus, by the re-forest management of 1961, the forestry consisted of 10 forest areas with a total area of 67.1 thousand hectares. In the next four decades, the administrative and economic structure of the forestry repeatedly changed. In 2000-2001, based on the decisions of the Brest Regional Executive Committee No. 403 dated 10.07.2000 and No. 340 dated 21.06.2001, large areas of forest lands from agricultural enterprises were accepted into the forestry and the area of the forestry increased to 144.8 thousand hectares. Therefore, in order to increase efficiency in forest management and in order to reduce the costs of ensuring the functioning of the structural divisions of the forestry, Kobrin Forestry on the basis of the order of the Forestry Committee under the CM of the Republic of Belarus dated 22.04.2003. No. 70 was enlarged and Drogichinsky forestry was organized at the expense of its lands. In 2004, 2.5 thousand hectares of forests were transferred from the Petrovichsky and Zasimovsky forest districts on the basis of the order of the Brest PLHO of 14.06.2004 No. 90 to the Brest Forestry. Within the modern borders, the forestry consists of seven forestry units.

As an "experienced" forestry was approved by the order of the Ministry of Forestry dated 05.05.2000 for No. 104 "On the transformation of the organizational and legal form of enterprises of the Ministry of Forestry in accordance with the requirements of the new civil code of the Republic of Belarus, their re-registration, as well as registration of existing institutions of the industry".

Being "experienced", the forestry enterprise carries out work on the development and introduction into production of forestry management systems, their software. New technologies for growing planting material are being tested and put into practice (growing planting material in a controlled environment (greenhouse). Recommendations on chemical care of sowing and school departments in the nursery are being put into practice, new preparations are being developed to protect plantings from pests and diseases of the forest, and much more.

1.2 Forest growing conditions

According to the forest-growing zoning of the territory of the Republic of Belarus ("Geography, typology and zoning of forest vegetation of Belarus", Minsk, 1965, I.D. Yurkevich, V.S. Geltman) [1], forestry forests belong to the Bugsko-Pripyat complex of forests of the Bugsko-Polessky forest-growing area, which is part of the subzone of hornbeam oak forests (broad-leaved pine forests).

Pine formations predominate on the territory of the forestry enterprise (about 50% of the forested land), swamp forests occupy 24% of the total forest area.

The territory of the forestry lands is mainly represented by large woodlands. Small forest contours occupy the central part of the forestry mainly along the floodplain of the Mukhavets river, a very small area. The forests of the forestry enterprise location area are represented by the 403 forest contour.

1.2.1 Climate

The forestry enterprise's location area covers the most climatically favorable part of Belarus. The growing season lasts 190-200 days, starting in the first decade of April and ending on October 20-25. The duration of the active vegetation period (with temperatures above +10oC) is about 5 months. The average annual air temperature is +7.3 oC, the average annual precipitation is almost 570 mm. The duration of winter is 100-125 days. The average date of the first autumn frosts falls on the first decade of October, the last frosts in spring are usually celebrated until May 5.

According to the "Strategy of Adaptation of forestry of the Republic of Belarus to climate change for the period up to 2050" [2], the projected climate changes in the western Bugsko-Polessky and Neman-Pre-Polessky geobotanical districts are assumed to be the smallest in comparison with other regions of Belarus. Winter temperatures will increase by 2-3°, and summer temperatures by 1-2°, with a slight increase in precipitation.

In general, the climate of the forestry area can be characterized as moderately warm, with a sufficient amount of precipitation, a long growing season, relatively mild winters and warm summers, i.e. natural and climatic conditions are quite favorable for the growth of pine, larch, birch, aspen, black alder, oak, ash, maple and in some areas – spruce. However, it should be noted that along with the positive indicators of climatic conditions, there are also a number of negative moments, such as late spring and early autumn frosts, beating young oak shoots and flowers, a small amount of precipitation in the spring, dry northeast and east winds in spring, strong sun in July and August. The above negative factors in some years have quite a strong effect on non-closed forest crops (being the reason for their low survival rate or death), protection of forests from fires, reducing their efficiency and quality.

1.2.2 Soils

     The territory of the Kobrin forestry, according to geomorphological zoning, belongs to the region of the Polessky lowland. There are 4 geomorphological areas: the Brest water-glacial lowland, the Malorite water-glacial plain, the Narev-Yaselda lake-alluvial lowland and the Upper Pripyat lake-alluvial lowland.

     The characteristics of the soils of the forestry are given according to the results of soil and forest typological studies conducted at the forestry in 1992 by the 1st Minsk Forestry Expedition (31.7 thousand hectares) and according to soil maps for land (41.0 thousand hectares), which in 1996-2004 were transferred to the forestry from agricultural enterprises on the basis of relevant decisions.

     On the basis of the above-mentioned soil surveys, soil-forest typological groups (PTGS) were organized, for each of which target breeds were identified. These materials formed the basis for the design of reforestation measures in this project. In the tax description for each allotment, the PTG number and the target breed are indicated.

     Soil-forest typological groups combine soil varieties with related genetic, morphological and agrochemical characteristics of soils and their moisture regimes, having a homogeneous forest-growing effect and requiring the same system of economic measures.

     10 types of soils were formed on the territory of the forestry in accordance with the peculiarities of the relief, climatic conditions, soil-forming rocks, vegetation and anthropogenic influence. The soil-forming rocks in the surveyed area are water-glacial sandy loams loose and cohesive and loose sands, ancient alluvial sandy loams loose and cohesive sands, Aeolian loose sands.

     Sod-podzolic semi-hydromorphic soils (51.6%) and peat-swamp soils of lowland type of swamps (18.1%) predominate on the territory of the forestry enterprise.

     In general, the soil potential of the forestry is high enough for the growth of highly productive plantings of different breeds.

Table 1.2.2.1 Distribution of forest lands by soil types and subtypes

1.2.3 Hydrography and hydrological conditions

     The territory of the forestry has a sufficiently developed system of rivers and streams belonging to the Baltic basin. Due to the reclamation works carried out, most of the rivers and streams have been straightened and transformed into channels. The main nutrition of the river is obtained due to the surface runoff of atmospheric precipitation. The regime of forestry rivers is characterized by increased spring flooding and low water levels in summer with rare rain floods.

     The largest waterway in the forestry area is the Mukhavets River, whose catchment area is located at the northwestern tip of the Polessky lowland (Brest Polesie), merging with the Pribug plain and belongs to the Pripyat (VI) hydrological region. The Mukhavets River flows mainly through treeless places, so floods here have an increased level, but with a short period, and in summer the riverbed is very shallow. In the northern part of the forestry r . Mukhavets is straightened into the channel, and navigable in the lower reaches. It is part of the Dnieper-Bug waterway. The main tributaries are the Dakhlovka, Zhabinka rivers (on the right) and the Dnieper-Bug Canal, the Trostyanitsa, Osipovka, and Rita rivers (on the left).

     A more detailed description of the reservoirs and the water protection zones and coastal strips allocated along them is given in Table 4.1.2.3 of this project.

1.3 Economic conditions

     As noted above (Table 1.1.1.), Kobrin forestry is located on the territory of four administrative districts: Brest, Kobrin, Zhabinkovsky and Maloritsky. The main area of the forestry (99.1%) is located on the territory of Kobrin and Zhabinkovsky districts.

     Agriculture plays a leading role in the economy of these areas. An extensive and powerful agricultural sector, including dairy farms, large complexes, farms and processing industry - canning and butter factory, meat processing plant, which work closely with them.

     The industrial complex of the districts is represented by 28 industrial enterprises. The most developed industries are chemical (SOOO "Polesie"), food (JSC "Kobrin butter and cheese factory"), mechanical engineering and metalworking (JSC "Gidromash", JSC "Kobrinagromash") light (JSC "Sewing company "Lona").

     Forestry is also of great importance in the economy of the districts, as an industry that is the main supplier of wood and other forest products. The forest plays an important role as an environmental factor that also performs water protection, protective, sanitary-hygienic, health-improving and other useful properties in the interests of protecting human health and improving the state of the environment. The main logger on the territory of the districts is the forestry itself. The share of the forest sector in the economy of the districts is small and amounts to 1.7%, Employment in this sector is 0.3 thousand. a person or 0.7% of the working population. The forest cover of the Kobrin district is 25.4%, Zhabinkovsky - 17.2%.

1.3.1 Transport conditions and availability of forest resources

One of the main conditions for conducting intensive forestry production, implementation of reforestation measures and forest protection, more complete use of recreational functions of forest plantations is sufficient provision of the territory of the forestry enterprise with transport routes.

The area of the forestry is characterized by a sufficiently developed network of public transport. Various transport routes serving the needs of passenger and cargo transportation pass through the territory of the forestry enterprise. The most important of which are the Brest - Minsk - Moscow and Brest - Gomel – Bryansk railways, as well as republican highways: M-1 – Brest - Minsk - the border of the Russian Federation (Radishes), M-10 – the border of the Russian Federation (Selishche) - Gomel - Kobrin, M-12 – Kobrin - the border of Ukraine (Mokran), R-7 – Kamenets - Zhabinka -Fedkovichi, R-102 – Vysokoe - Kamenets - Kobrin, R-104 – Zhabinka - Kobrin, R-2 – Columns - Ivatsevichi - Kobrin, entrance from the M-1 road to the city of Pruzhany.

Rural settlements are connected to each other and the district center by a network of local roads. All of the above transport routes are used for the transportation of forest goods. In addition to public roads, there is a network of unpaved natural forest roads serving industrial and technological transportation and connecting forest areas with public roads.

The condition of public roads is good, and they are used for forestry purposes throughout the year. Natural forest roads, as a rule, unpaved, unimproved, with a relatively low cargo turnover, are used by forestry all year round, with the exception of spring and autumn thaw. The vast majority of forest roads need periodic repairs. The characteristics of the transport routes passing directly within the territory of the forestry are given in Table 1.3.1.1.

Table 1.3.1.1 Characteristics of transport routes within the boundaries of the forest fund